Surgical Procedures at MOS
Our fellowship-trained surgeons perform a full range of orthopedic procedures — from minimally invasive arthroscopy to complex joint replacement — at ambulatory surgery centers and hospitals serving Bethesda, Rockville, and Germantown.
Shoulder
AC Joint Reconstruction
AC joint reconstruction surgically restores the position of the clavicle after a high-grade shoulder separation by reconstructing the torn coracoclavicular ligaments. It uses a tendon graft or synthetic device to hold the clavicle back in proper alignment with the acromion. Surgery is typically performed for Grade III–V separations in active patients.
Learn more →Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a minimally invasive surgery that reattaches a torn rotator cuff tendon to the humerus using small anchors and sutures. It is performed through small incisions with a camera. Most patients return to full activity in 4–6 months, depending on tear size.
Learn more →Bankart Repair (Shoulder Instability)
Bankart repair is an arthroscopic surgery that reattaches the torn anterior labrum and ligaments to the glenoid socket after shoulder dislocation. It restores the labral bumper that keeps the humeral head from slipping out of the socket. Most patients have no further dislocations, and athletes return to sport in 4–6 months.
Learn more →Biceps Tenodesis
Biceps tenodesis cuts the long head of the biceps tendon from its torn or painful attachment at the top of the shoulder socket and reattaches it lower on the upper arm bone. This eliminates pain from the damaged proximal biceps while preserving full biceps muscle function. It is performed arthroscopically or through a small open incision.
Learn more →Distal Clavicle Excision
Distal clavicle excision (also called the Mumford procedure) removes a small section of the end of the collarbone to eliminate bone-on-bone contact at the AC joint. It relieves pain from AC joint arthritis or osteolysis. The procedure is performed arthroscopically and takes about 20–40 minutes.
Learn more →Latarjet Procedure
The Latarjet procedure transfers the coracoid bone and attached tendons from the top of the shoulder to the front of the glenoid socket. It restores lost bone, deepens the socket, and adds a dynamic stabilizing sling. It is preferred when bone loss is too great for soft-tissue Bankart repair alone.
Learn more →Remplissage (Hill-Sachs Lesion Treatment)
Remplissage is an arthroscopic procedure that fills a Hill-Sachs defect — a dent in the back of the humeral head caused by shoulder dislocation — with the posterior capsule and infraspinatus tendon. This prevents the defect from catching on the front of the glenoid and causing re-dislocation. It is almost always performed with a Bankart repair.
Learn more →Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a shoulder replacement where the ball and socket positions are switched — the ball is placed on the shoulder blade side and the socket on the arm side. This design lets the deltoid muscle (instead of the rotator cuff) power the arm, making it the right choice when the rotator cuff is irreparably torn.
Learn more →SLAP Repair
SLAP repair is an arthroscopic surgery that reattaches a torn superior labrum — the cartilage rim at the top of the shoulder socket — back to the glenoid bone using small suture anchors. It relieves pain in overhead athletes and patients with traumatic labral injuries. Recovery takes 4–6 months.
Learn more →Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic & Operative)
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small camera (arthroscope) is inserted into the shoulder through tiny incisions to diagnose and treat internal problems. It allows surgeons to directly visualize and repair structures inside the shoulder joint — labrum, rotator cuff, cartilage, and biceps — without a large open incision.
Learn more →Shoulder Capsular Release (Frozen Shoulder)
Shoulder capsular release is an arthroscopic procedure that cuts through the thickened, contracted joint capsule causing frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). It restores range of motion when physical therapy and injections have failed to break through the stiffness. The procedure takes 30–45 minutes and is performed outpatient.
Learn more →Subacromial Decompression / Acromioplasty
Subacromial decompression (acromioplasty) is an arthroscopic procedure that removes bone spurs from the underside of the acromion to create more room for the rotator cuff tendons beneath. It relieves shoulder impingement — pain and pinching with overhead movements — when conservative treatment has not worked.
Learn more →Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (Anatomic)
Total shoulder arthroplasty (anatomic) replaces the worn ball and socket of the shoulder with metal and plastic implants that match normal shoulder geometry. It is performed when shoulder arthritis causes severe pain and stiffness that has not responded to non-surgical treatment, and when the rotator cuff is intact.
Learn more →Knee
ACL Reconstruction
ACL reconstruction is surgery to rebuild the anterior cruciate ligament — the central stabilizing ligament of the knee — using a tendon graft. It is performed when the ACL is fully torn and the knee remains unstable despite physical therapy, most often in active patients who want to return to pivoting sports or physical work.
Learn more →ACL Reconstruction — Allograft
ACL allograft reconstruction replaces the torn ACL using sterilized cadaveric tendon tissue — most commonly patellar, Achilles, or anterior tibialis tendon from a tissue bank. It eliminates donor-site morbidity and shortens operative time, making it appropriate for older, lower-demand patients and complex multi-ligament reconstructions. It is not recommended as a primary graft for young athletes or competitive players under 40 due to significantly higher re-rupture rates documented in multiple studies.
Learn more →ACL Reconstruction — Hamstring Tendon Graft
Hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction uses the semitendinosus tendon — and often the gracilis — harvested from the inner side of the knee, folded to create a quadrupled graft bundle. It offers lower anterior knee morbidity than patellar tendon harvest, a smaller incision, and reliable outcomes across a broad patient population, though evidence shows higher failure rates than bone-patellar tendon-bone graft in young, high-demand athletes.
Learn more →ACL Reconstruction — Patellar Tendon Graft
Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) ACL reconstruction uses the middle third of the patellar tendon, with a block of bone at each end, to replace the torn ACL. The bone plugs heal directly into the femoral and tibial tunnels, providing strong, early fixation. It is widely regarded as the gold standard graft for competitive athletes due to its mechanical strength and reliable outcomes.
Learn more →ACL Reconstruction — Quadriceps Tendon Graft
Quadriceps tendon ACL reconstruction uses the central third of the quadriceps tendon — the large tendon above the kneecap — to replace the torn ACL. It can be harvested with or without a patellar bone plug and provides a larger cross-sectional area than either the patellar tendon or hamstring graft, with growing evidence of outcomes comparable to traditional gold-standard options.
Learn more →Knee Arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a small camera (arthroscope) inserted through a tiny incision to see inside the knee joint and perform treatment through additional small portals. It is the standard approach for most knee surgery — from meniscus repair and cartilage treatment to ligament reconstruction — and takes 30 to 60 minutes depending on what is found and treated.
Learn more →Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis (LET)
Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is a secondary knee stabilization procedure performed alongside ACL reconstruction. It controls the rotational instability that standard ACL grafts alone cannot fully correct, and clinical trial data show it reduces graft re-tear rates by up to 67% in high-risk patients such as young athletes using hamstring grafts.
Learn more →MCL Reconstruction / Repair
MCL reconstruction or repair is a surgical procedure that rebuilds or stitches the medial collateral ligament — the ligament on the inner side of the knee that resists valgus (inward-bending) forces — when it is torn and does not heal adequately with conservative management. Most isolated MCL tears heal without surgery; reconstruction is reserved for complete tears with persistent instability, or for combined ligament injuries.
Learn more →MPFL Reconstruction (Patellar Instability)
MPFL reconstruction is a surgical procedure that rebuilds the medial patellofemoral ligament — the primary soft tissue restraint preventing the kneecap from dislocating outward. When this ligament tears after a patellar dislocation and does not heal adequately, the kneecap can dislocate again with everyday activities. Reconstruction uses a tendon graft to recreate the ligament and restore patellar stability.
Learn more →Meniscus Repair
Meniscus repair is a minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery that stitches a torn meniscus back together rather than removing tissue. The goal is to preserve the meniscus — the knee's shock absorber — because long-term studies show that keeping meniscus tissue reduces the risk of early-onset knee arthritis. Surgery takes 45 to 75 minutes at an ambulatory surgery center.
Learn more →Microfracture (Cartilage Repair)
Microfracture is an arthroscopic procedure that treats a focal cartilage defect in the knee by making small holes in the underlying bone to release marrow stem cells that form a repair cartilage (fibrocartilage) over the defect. It is the least invasive cartilage treatment option and is best suited for defects smaller than 2–3 cm² in patients under 40.
Learn more →OATS — Osteochondral Autograft Transfer
OATS (Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System) is a surgical procedure that treats a focal cartilage defect in the knee by transplanting cylindrical plugs of healthy cartilage and bone from a low-load area of the patient's own knee into the damaged area. Using the patient's own tissue provides true hyaline cartilage — not repair tissue — making OATS particularly effective for defects between 1 and 4 cm² in younger, active patients.
Learn more →OCD Fixation — Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
OCD fixation is an arthroscopic procedure that stabilizes a loose or partially detached osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion — a segment of cartilage and bone that has partially separated from the femoral condyle — by drilling the lesion to stimulate healing, removing any loose debris, and securing the fragment back in place with absorbable or metal screws. Preserving the native cartilage is always the goal when the fragment is viable.
Learn more →Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation (OCA)
Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) replaces a large or complex cartilage defect in the knee using a matched donor graft — fresh cartilage and bone from a tissue bank — that is shaped and implanted to restore the joint surface. It is indicated for defects too large for autograft or when prior cartilage surgery has failed, and provides true hyaline cartilage coverage.
Learn more →PCL Reconstruction
PCL reconstruction is a surgical procedure that replaces a torn posterior cruciate ligament — the ligament in the back of the knee that keeps the shinbone from sliding too far backward — using a tendon graft. It is typically performed arthroscopically at an ambulatory surgery center under general or regional anesthesia and takes 75 to 120 minutes.
Learn more →Partial Knee Replacement (Unicompartmental)
Partial knee replacement (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty) replaces only the damaged compartment of the knee — medial, lateral, or patellofemoral — with metal and plastic implant components while leaving the healthy compartments and ligaments intact. It is a smaller operation than total knee replacement, with faster recovery, but is only appropriate when arthritis is confined to one area of the knee.
Learn more →Partial Meniscectomy
Partial meniscectomy is an outpatient arthroscopic procedure that removes only the torn, damaged portion of a meniscus — the knee's shock-absorbing cartilage pad — while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. It takes 30 to 45 minutes under general or regional anesthesia and is the appropriate treatment when a meniscus tear cannot be repaired.
Learn more →Patellar Tendon Repair
Patellar tendon repair is surgery that reattaches the patellar tendon — the thick cord connecting the kneecap to the shinbone — after it ruptures. The patellar tendon is essential for extending (straightening) the knee: without it, the patient cannot lift the leg off the ground with the knee straight. Repair is urgent and should be performed within days of the rupture for the best results.
Learn more →Quadriceps Tendon Repair
Quadriceps tendon repair is urgent surgery that reattaches the quadriceps tendon — the large tendon above the kneecap connecting the thigh muscles to the patella — after it ruptures. Rupture completely eliminates the ability to extend (straighten) the knee. Repair should be performed within days to weeks of injury for the best outcomes and must not be delayed.
Learn more →Revision Total Knee Replacement
Revision total knee replacement is surgery to remove and replace all or part of a failing knee replacement implant. It is performed when a prior replacement wears out, loosens, becomes infected, or causes persistent pain or instability. The procedure takes 90 to 150 minutes at a hospital and is substantially more complex than a primary replacement.
Learn more →Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy (TTO)
Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a surgery that detaches the bony prominence (tibial tubercle) where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone and repositions it to correct abnormal kneecap alignment. By moving the attachment point inward, downward, or anteriorly — depending on what the problem is — TTO corrects the bony geometry that causes patellar instability or patellofemoral pain.
Learn more →Total Knee Replacement
Total knee replacement (also called total knee arthroplasty) is a surgical procedure that removes the damaged cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee joint and replaces them with metal and plastic implant components. It is performed at a hospital under general or spinal anesthesia and takes 60 to 90 minutes. It is the most reliably effective treatment for end-stage knee arthritis.
Learn more →Hip
FAI Correction (Femoroacetabular Impingement)
FAI correction is an arthroscopic surgical procedure that reshapes abnormal bone at the hip joint — either a cam lesion (bump on the femoral head-neck junction) or a pincer lesion (overcoverage of the acetabular rim) — to eliminate the impingement that is tearing the labrum and damaging cartilage. It is typically performed at the same time as labral repair.
Learn more →Gluteus Medius / Minimus Repair
Gluteus medius and minimus repair is a surgical procedure — performed arthroscopically or through a small (mini-open) incision — that reattaches torn hip abductor tendons back to the greater trochanter. These tears cause persistent lateral hip pain and limping, and are frequently misdiagnosed as trochanteric bursitis, particularly in women over 50.
Learn more →Hip Arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a surgeon inserts a small camera (arthroscope) and instruments through two or three small incisions around the hip joint to diagnose and treat problems such as labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement, cartilage damage, and loose bodies — without the recovery burden of open hip surgery.
Learn more →Hip Labral Reconstruction
Hip labral reconstruction is an arthroscopic procedure that recreates the acetabular labrum using a tissue graft — from the patient's own body (autograft) or a donor (allograft) — when the native labrum is too damaged, degenerated, or absent to be repaired with suture anchors. It is the preferred alternative when repair is not possible.
Learn more →Hip Labral Repair
Hip labral repair is an arthroscopic procedure in which a surgeon uses small suture anchors to reattach a torn acetabular labrum back to the rim of the hip socket. It is the preferred treatment for labral tears when the native labral tissue is of adequate quality — preserving the original labrum rather than replacing it with a graft.
Learn more →Iliopsoas Release / Tendon Lengthening
Iliopsoas release — also called iliopsoas tendon lengthening — is an arthroscopic procedure that partially cuts or lengthens the iliopsoas tendon to eliminate painful internal snapping of the hip (internal coxa saltans) or relieve iliopsoas impingement on the hip joint or a hip replacement. It is performed through small portals with same-day discharge.
Learn more →Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Revision hip arthroplasty is a complex surgical procedure that removes and replaces one or more components of a failed primary hip replacement. It is significantly more demanding than primary hip replacement due to scarring, bone loss, and altered anatomy, and requires a surgeon with specific expertise in revision reconstruction techniques.
Learn more →Total Hip Arthroplasty (Hip Replacement)
Total hip arthroplasty (hip replacement) is a surgical procedure in which a severely damaged or arthritic hip joint is replaced with prosthetic components — a metal stem in the femur, a metal or ceramic ball, and a socket liner in the acetabulum. It reliably eliminates joint pain and restores mobility when conservative measures have failed and arthritis is advanced.
Learn more →Trochanteric Bursectomy
Trochanteric bursectomy is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that removes the inflamed trochanteric bursa — a fluid-filled sac over the greater trochanter of the hip — when it has caused persistent lateral hip pain that has not responded to conservative treatment including injections and physical therapy. It is often performed alongside gluteus medius tendon repair.
Learn more →Hand & Wrist
Carpal Tunnel Release
Carpal tunnel release is a surgical procedure that cuts the transverse carpal ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. It treats carpal tunnel syndrome — numbness, tingling, and weakness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers — when non-surgical treatments have not worked.
Learn more →Cubital Tunnel Release (Ulnar Nerve Decompression)
Cubital tunnel release is surgery to relieve pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow. It treats cubital tunnel syndrome — numbness and tingling in the ring and small fingers, weakness in grip, and tenderness at the 'funny bone' — when conservative treatment has failed. It is a different procedure from carpal tunnel release, which addresses a different nerve at the wrist.
Learn more →De Quervain's Release
De Quervain's release is a quick outpatient surgery that opens the first dorsal compartment of the wrist — a tight tunnel at the base of the thumb — to relieve the pain and swelling of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. It is performed under local anesthesia when injections and splinting have not resolved the condition.
Learn more →Distal Biceps Tendon Repair
Distal biceps tendon repair surgically reattaches the biceps tendon at the elbow after it ruptures from the radial tuberosity. The injury typically occurs when a middle-aged man suddenly feels a 'pop' lifting a heavy object. Surgery restores full elbow flexion strength and forearm rotation and is most effective within the first 2–4 weeks after rupture.
Learn more →Distal Biceps Tendon Repair (Elbow)
Distal biceps tendon repair is surgery to reattach the biceps tendon to the radial tuberosity at the elbow after it has ruptured from the bone. This is a tear at the elbow, not the shoulder. Acute ruptures (within 3 weeks) are repaired primarily; delayed or chronic ruptures may require tendon reconstruction. The surgery restores elbow flexion strength and forearm supination power.
Learn more →Distal Radius Fracture Fixation (ORIF)
Distal radius fracture fixation (ORIF) is surgery to realign and stabilize a broken wrist bone using a metal plate and screws. It is used when the fracture is displaced, unstable, or cannot be held in proper alignment with a cast alone. A volar locking plate is the most commonly used implant.
Learn more →Dupuytren's Fasciectomy
Dupuytren's fasciectomy is surgery to remove the thickened, cord-like tissue in the palm that causes one or more fingers to bend toward the palm and become unable to straighten. The surgery corrects the contracture by excising the diseased fascia. It is used when the finger can no longer be fully extended and daily activities are impaired.
Learn more →Elbow Arthroscopy
Elbow arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera inserted through tiny incisions around the elbow to diagnose and treat conditions including loose bodies, osteochondritis dissecans, elbow stiffness, and synovitis. General anesthesia is used because the elbow's confined anatomy and proximity to critical nerves require precise positioning and complete muscle relaxation.
Learn more →Ganglion Cyst Excision
Ganglion cyst excision is an outpatient surgical procedure to remove a fluid-filled cyst that forms at a joint or tendon sheath in the wrist or hand. Surgery is recommended when the cyst causes pain, limits wrist motion, or recurs after aspiration. The cyst stalk is removed along with a portion of the capsule to reduce recurrence.
Learn more →Proximal Row Carpectomy
Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is surgery to treat advanced wrist arthritis by removing the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum — the three carpal bones that form the proximal row. This allows the capitellum bone (of the distal row) to articulate directly with the radius, creating a new, functional joint that preserves partial wrist motion. It is an alternative to total wrist fusion for patients with preserved capitolunate cartilage.
Learn more →Scaphoid Fracture Fixation
Scaphoid fracture fixation is surgery to stabilize a broken scaphoid bone in the wrist using a headless compression screw. The scaphoid has a fragile blood supply, making certain fractures — particularly displaced or proximal pole fractures — prone to nonunion or avascular necrosis if not surgically fixed. Surgery promotes reliable healing and allows faster return to activity than cast immobilization alone.
Learn more →TFCC Repair (Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex)
TFCC repair is surgery to treat a tear in the triangular fibrocartilage complex — the cartilage and ligament structure on the ulnar (pinky) side of the wrist. Central tears are treated with arthroscopic débridement; peripheral tears with good healing potential are repaired with sutures. The TFCC stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint and cushions the ulnar side of the wrist.
Learn more →Tennis Elbow Release (Lateral Epicondyle Debridement)
Tennis elbow release is surgery to remove degenerated tissue from the extensor tendons at the lateral (outer) elbow where they attach to the lateral epicondyle bone. It treats persistent lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) that has failed at least 6–12 months of conservative care. The procedure removes the angiofibroblastic tendinopathy and freshens the tendon attachment to stimulate healing.
Learn more →Trigger Finger Release
Trigger finger release is a quick outpatient surgery that opens a narrowed tendon sheath pulley in the finger, allowing the flexor tendon to glide freely. It treats trigger finger — a condition in which the finger catches, locks, or snaps when bent or straightened — when injections and splinting have not worked.
Learn more →UCL Reconstruction (Tommy John Surgery)
UCL reconstruction of the elbow — commonly known as Tommy John surgery — replaces a torn ulnar collateral ligament with a tendon graft, restoring medial elbow stability for overhead athletes. The surgery is most common in baseball pitchers and other throwing athletes whose ligament has failed completely and cannot heal on its own.
Learn more →Wrist Arthroscopy
Wrist arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small camera is inserted into the wrist joint through tiny incisions to diagnose and treat wrist problems including cartilage tears, ligament injuries, synovitis, and loose bodies. It allows direct visualization of the wrist joint interior without the need to open the joint fully.
Learn more →Foot & Ankle
Achilles Tendon Reconstruction (Chronic Rupture)
Achilles tendon reconstruction is surgery for a chronic or neglected Achilles rupture — one that is more than 6–8 weeks old. Because the tendon ends have retracted and scarred, they cannot simply be sutured together. Reconstruction uses a nearby tendon transfer (flexor hallucis longus) or an allograft to bridge the gap and restore push-off strength.
Learn more →Achilles Tendon Repair (Acute Rupture)
Acute Achilles tendon repair is surgery to stitch the two ends of a completely ruptured Achilles tendon back together. It is performed within six weeks of injury, before the tendon ends retract and scar. Surgery reduces re-rupture risk and restores the strength needed for running and sport.
Learn more →Ankle Arthroscopy
Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small camera and instruments are inserted into the ankle joint through two or three small incisions. It is used to diagnose and treat problems inside the joint — including bone spurs, cartilage damage, scar tissue, loose bodies, and synovitis — without opening the ankle fully.
Learn more →Ankle Fracture Fixation (ORIF)
Ankle fracture fixation (ORIF — open reduction internal fixation) is surgery to realign and stabilize broken ankle bones using plates, screws, or rods. It is needed when an ankle fracture is displaced, unstable, or associated with joint dislocation — injuries that cannot be reliably treated with a cast alone.
Learn more →Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Broström Procedure)
The Broström procedure is surgery to repair the stretched or torn lateral ankle ligaments (ATFL and CFL) that cause chronic ankle instability — the feeling that the ankle 'gives way' repeatedly. The surgeon tightens and reattaches the ligaments to their original bone insertions, restoring mechanical stability and eliminating recurrent sprains.
Learn more →Bunion Surgery (Hallux Valgus Correction)
Bunion surgery (hallux valgus correction) realigns the big toe joint by removing the bony bump and repositioning the first metatarsal bone. The technique used depends on how severe the deformity is. Most patients bear weight in a protective boot within days and return to normal shoes in 3–4 months.
Learn more →Hammertoe Correction
Hammertoe correction is surgery to straighten a toe that is permanently bent at the middle joint (PIP joint). The procedure releases tight tendons, removes a small portion of bone, and may use a pin or implant to hold the toe straight while it heals. Surgery is reserved for hammertoes that are painful and have not responded to shoe modifications or padding.
Learn more →Metatarsal Fracture Fixation
Metatarsal fracture fixation is surgery to stabilize a broken metatarsal bone in the foot using a screw, plate, or pin. Surgery is needed for displaced fractures, Jones fractures (a specific break at the base of the fifth metatarsal with a high non-healing rate), and stress fractures that have failed conservative management.
Learn more →Peroneal Tendon Repair
Peroneal tendon repair is surgery to fix torn or dislocating peroneal tendons on the outer side of the ankle. The most common injury is a longitudinal split tear of the peroneus brevis tendon. Surgery trims, tubularizes, and repairs the tendon and, when the tendon has been dislocating, repairs the superior peroneal retinaculum that keeps the tendons in their groove behind the fibula.
Learn more →Plantar Fascia Release
Plantar fascia release is surgery for chronic plantar fasciitis that has failed at least 6 months of conservative treatment. The procedure cuts a portion of the tight plantar fascia at its heel attachment to relieve tension and eliminate pain. The endoscopic technique (EPFR) uses a small camera through two tiny incisions, avoiding a large open incision.
Learn more →Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction (Flatfoot Correction)
Posterior tibial tendon reconstruction corrects adult acquired flatfoot caused by a failing posterior tibial tendon. Surgery combines a tendon transfer (flexor digitorum longus) to replace the weakened tendon with bone realignment procedures — typically a calcaneal osteotomy and sometimes lateral column lengthening — to restore the foot's arch and correct malalignment.
Learn more →Other
CARTIHEAL Agili-C — Aragonite Biphasic Scaffold
CARTIHEAL Agili-C is an FDA-approved, off-the-shelf aragonite biphasic scaffold that repairs both articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a single arthroscopic procedure. It is indicated for ICRS Grade III–IV knee lesions (1–7 cm²) and uniquely approved for use in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (KL Grade 0–3), making it available to a broader patient population than MACI. The landmark RCT demonstrated 87% reduction in risk of total knee replacement vs standard care at 4 years.
Learn more →MACI — Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
MACI (Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation) is a two-stage FDA-approved procedure that uses a patient's own harvested and cultured chondrocytes seeded onto a collagen scaffold to repair full-thickness knee cartilage defects of 2–10 cm². It produces hyaline-like cartilage superior to the fibrocartilage from microfracture, with 80–90% good-to-excellent outcomes at 5 years.
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