Baker’s Cyst

Baker's cysts often present with swelling behind the knee joint, manifesting as a visible or palpable lump. This swelling can cause stiffness and discomfort, particularly with knee movement or weight-bearing activities. Pain may also be experienced, especially if the cyst enlarges or if it ruptures, leading to sudden swelling and redness in the calf area. Some individuals may notice an increase in symptoms after prolonged periods of activity or when the knee is bent for extended periods.

Baker's cysts typically arise due to underlying knee conditions that disrupt the normal balance of synovial fluid production and drainage. Common predisposing factors include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, meniscal tears, and other inflammatory joint diseases. These conditions can lead to increased synovial fluid production within the knee joint or impair the drainage of fluid, resulting in the formation of a cyst.

Diagnosing a Baker's cyst involves a thorough evaluation, beginning with a detailed medical history and physical examination. During the physical exam, the characteristic swelling behind the knee and palpable lump may be observed. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often utilized to confirm the presence of the cyst and assess the underlying knee pathology contributing to its formation. These tests can also help differentiate a Baker's cyst from other causes of knee swelling, such as deep vein thrombosis or tumors.

Treatment for Baker's cysts aims to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying cause. Conservative measures such as rest, application of ice, compression, and elevation (RICE therapy) may help reduce swelling and discomfort. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or pain medications may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. Physical therapy may also be beneficial for improving knee joint mobility and strength. In some cases, aspiration (draining) of the cyst using a needle may be performed to remove excess fluid and relieve pressure. Corticosteroid injections into the cyst may be considered to reduce inflammation and pain. If conservative measures fail to provide relief or if the cyst recurs, surgical intervention such as knee surgery may be needed to remove the cyst or to address the underlying knee pathology.