Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease typically presents with knee pain and tenderness at the tibial tuberosity, exacerbated during physical activity, kneeling, or squatting. Swelling and warmth may accompany the pain, often with the development of a bony prominence or lump over the affected area. Symptoms can vary in intensity but are commonly experienced during periods of growth and increased physical activity in adolescents.

Osgood-Schlatter disease develops due to the cumulative effects of repetitive stress on the patellar tendon attachment site, particularly during periods of rapid growth and intense physical activity in adolescents. Microtrauma and inflammation occur as a result of the repeated pulling of the tendon on the immature tibial tuberosity. Participation in high-impact sports, such as basketball, soccer, or gymnastics, where frequent jumping, running, and sudden changes in direction are common, can exacerbate the condition. Additionally, biomechanical factors such as muscle imbalances, tightness, or malalignment of the lower extremities may contribute to the development of Osgood-Schlatter disease.

Diagnosing Osgood-Schlatter disease involves a comprehensive evaluation, beginning with a detailed medical history and physical examination. During the physical exam, tenderness, swelling, and warmth around the tibial tuberosity are typically observed. Palpation may reveal a bony prominence or lump over the affected area. Imaging studies such as X-rays are often employed to evaluate bony changes, assess the degree of ossification at the tibial tuberosity, and rule out other knee pathologies such as fractures or tumors. In some cases, advanced imaging modalities like MRI or ultrasound may be utilized to provide additional information on soft tissue involvement and assess the severity of tendon inflammation.

Management strategies aim to alleviate symptoms, promote healing, and maintain physical activity. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE therapy) help reduce pain and inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide additional relief. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the quadriceps and improving flexibility. In some cases, patellar tendon straps or braces may be used to alleviate stress on the tendon during activity. While symptoms typically improve with conservative measures, surgical intervention may be considered for severe, unresponsive cases.